Gum Disease: What It Is and How to Keep Your Gums Healthy

Gum disease, also called periodontal disease, starts with sticky plaque that gums can’t shake off. If you ignore it, the plaque turns into tartar, and the gums become red, swollen, and start to bleed. Most people think a little bleeding is normal, but it’s actually a warning sign that the infection is spreading.

Even if you brush twice a day, missing a spot or using a soft toothbrush can let bacteria build up around the gum line. The deeper the infection goes, the more likely you’ll feel soreness, notice bad breath, or see your teeth look longer because the gums pull back.

Common Signs You Might Miss

Bleeding while brushing or flossing is the first red flag. You might also feel a gritty texture on your teeth, especially after meals. If your gums look puffy or shiny, that’s another clue. Some people get a persistent bad taste that won’t go away, even after cleaning their mouth.

In more advanced cases, the gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that can be deeper than 3 mm. Those pockets hide bacteria, making it harder for your immune system to fight the infection. If you notice any loose teeth, that’s a sign the bone supporting them is being damaged.

Simple Steps to Fight Gum Disease

First, upgrade your brushing routine. Use a soft‑bristled brush, angle it at a 45‑degree angle toward the gum line, and spend at least two minutes cleaning every corner. Replace your brush every three months or sooner if the bristles look frayed.

Floss isn’t optional—it’s the most effective way to get rid of plaque between teeth. If traditional floss feels tricky, try floss picks or a water flosser. The goal is to slide a clean piece of floss under the gum line each day.

Rinse with an antimicrobial mouthwash after brushing. Look for products that contain chlorhexidine or essential oils; they can cut down the bacteria that cause inflammation.

Visit your dentist regularly. A professional cleaning removes tartar that you can’t scrub away at home. Most dentists recommend a check‑up every six months, but if you have early signs of gum disease, schedule visits every three months.

Finally, watch your lifestyle. Smoking slows healing and makes gum disease worse, so quitting can give your gums a real boost. A balanced diet rich in vitamin C and calcium also supports gum health—think citrus fruits, leafy greens, and dairy.

By catching the signs early and following these easy habits, you can keep gum disease at bay and protect your smile for years to come.