Chlorambucil – What It Is and How It Works

If you’ve been handed a prescription for chlorambucil, you probably wonder what the pill actually does. In plain terms, chlorambucil is an oral chemotherapy drug that belongs to the alkylating agent family. It’s designed to slow down or stop the growth of certain cancer cells by damaging their DNA.

Unlike IV chemo that you get at a hospital, chlorambucil comes in tablet form, so you can take it at home. This makes it a convenient option for long‑term treatment plans, especially when doctors need to keep the drug on a steady schedule.

When Is Chlorambucil Prescribed?

The most common uses are for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and some types of lymphoma. Doctors also prescribe it for certain solid tumors when other treatments aren’t suitable. It’s not a first‑line drug for every cancer, but for many patients it offers an effective oral alternative that fits into everyday life.

Dosage, Side Effects, and Precautions

Typical dosing starts at 0.1 mg per kilogram of body weight once a day, though your doctor may adjust the amount based on blood work and how you’re responding. You’ll usually take it for several weeks or months, then have a break to let your marrow recover.

Side effects can include low white‑blood cell counts, nausea, hair thinning, and mild skin rashes. Most people notice these early on; the key is to report any severe symptoms—like fever or unusual bleeding—to your doctor right away.

To help manage side effects, stay hydrated, eat small balanced meals, and get plenty of rest. Your physician might prescribe growth‑factor shots or anti‑nausea meds if you need extra support.

Because chlorambucil interferes with DNA, it can interact with other medicines that affect the bone marrow, such as certain antibiotics or anti‑viral drugs. Always give your pharmacist a full list of what you’re taking, including over‑the‑counter supplements.

If you’re pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing, chlorambucil is off‑limits—it can harm a developing baby. Use reliable contraception while on treatment and discuss any family‑planning concerns with your oncologist.

In short, chlorambucil is a handy oral chemo option for specific blood cancers, but it requires careful monitoring. Keep all follow‑up appointments, stick to the dosing schedule, and don’t hesitate to ask questions about anything that feels off. Your health team is there to keep you safe while the drug does its job.